| 在同一台机运行多个Mysql 服务--mysqld_multWindy.Chan 9, Apr, 06Windy.Chan 26, Apr, 06 10:00更新.欢迎转载，但务必在转载时注明出处.**********************************************************第一部分, 在一台服务器构建多mysql 服务.**********************************************************一，绪言在Mysql中有一mysqld_multi命令，可用于在一台物理服务器运行多个Mysql服务，今天参考一些文档，亲自测试并通过,真高兴，现将操作过程共享给大家!操作系统:Linux 2.6.13 (Slackware),其它版的Linux应该也差不多.数据库:Mysql 4.0.17 源程序安装(相信最新的5.1.*也差不多，过些天再试试)规划:运行4个mysql服务:假设服务器名:db-app (IP为192.168.0.100),假设服务器名:db-app2 (IP为192.168.0.101),下文直到第二部分,均为讲述db-app中的mysql,二,准备用mysql源程序安装,假设在安装时用的configura选择项氯?./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data1 --sysconfdir=/etc备注:--prefix将MYSQL安装到/usr/local/mysql, --datadir将数据库生成/usr/local/mysql/data1sysconfdir是指定mysql使用到的my.cnf配置文件的搜索路径为/etc其他mysql安装过程略.根据Mysql管理手册中提到:每个Mysql的服务都可为独立的，所以它都调用一个my.cnf中各自不同的启动选项--就是下文中将提到的GNR值,使用不同的端口,生成各自的套接文件,服务的数据库都是独立的(更多可查阅mysql官方网站的英文管理手册).mysqld_multi是管理多个mysqld的服务进程，这些服务进程程序不同的unix socket或是监听于不同的端口。他可以启动、停止和监控当前的服务状态。--
--程序在my.cnf(或是在--config-file自定义的配置文件)中搜索[mysqld#]段，"#"可以是任意的正整数。这个正整数就是在
下面提及的段序列，即GNR。段的序号做为mysqld_multi的参数，来区别不同的段，这样你就可以控制特定mysqld进程的启动、停止或得到他
的报告信息。这些组里的参数就像启动一个mysqld所需要的组的参数一样。但是，如果使用多服务，必须为每个服务指定一个unix
socket或端口(摘自http://mifor.4dian.org中的使用mysqld_multi程序管理多个MySQL服务 )。从上述文字可看到多Mysql服务中最重要的就是my.cnf配置文件了.现我贴出我的my.cnf文件.-----------------------[mysqld_multi]mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safemysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladminuser = mysql (用一个帐号来启动所有的mysql服务器,因为是用一相同的帐号。那个么这帐号必须都是每个mysql服务都要用的帐号,最好是管理帐号,下面的口令与相同)password = mypaswd[mysqld1]port = 3306socket = /tmp/mysql.sock1pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data1/db-app1.pidlog=/usr/local/mysql/data1/db-app.logdatadir = /usr/local/mysql/datauser = mysql[mysqld2]port = 3307socket = /tmp/mysql.sock2pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data2/db-app2.piddatadir = /usr/local/mysql/data2log=/usr/local/mysql/data2/db-app.loguser = mysql[mysqld3]port = 3308socket = /tmp/mysql.sock3pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data3/db-app3.pid3datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data3log=/usr/local/mysql/data3/db-app.loguser = mysql[mysqld4]port = 3309socket = /tmp/mysql.sock4pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data3/db-app4.piddatadir = /usr/local/mysql/data4log=/usr/local/mysql/data4/db-app.loguser = mysql[mysqldump]quickmax_allowed_packet = 16M[mysql]no-auto-rehash[isamchk]key_buffer = 128Msort_buffer_size = 128Mread_buffer = 2Mwrite_buffer = 2M[myisamchk]key_buffer = 128Msort_buffer_size = 128Mread_buffer = 2Mwrite_buffer = 2M[mysqlhotcopy]interactive-timeout 我
的配置文件中有mysqld1,mysqld2,mysqld3,mysqld4。就是说我将启动4个mysql服务在同一服务器的不同端口——3306
-3309，每datadir所指定的数据库文件路径都是不相同的，都有各自不同的日志文件。其它一些设置可用my.cnf 原来的内容.ok, 重要的my.cnf编好的，现在为配置中不同mysql 服务建立各自文件夹和初始数据库等.[mysqld1]是一个默认的,在我们安装mysql时已经有了，所以不用管它.[mysqld2],只要根据配置就的路径为它建立一个目录就可以了.将把该目录改为mysql管理权db-app:/ # mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data2建数据库,我们可以把默认的mysql数据库复制过来，以利用其它的mysql帐号,其它数据库根据应用再建立.db-app:/ # cp /usr/local/mysql/data1/mysql /usr/local/mysql/data2 -Rdb-app:/ # chmod mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data2 -R[mysqld3],[mysqld4], 相同.我们可能看看这些目录是否都存在.db-app:/ # ls -l /usr/local/mysql/drwxr-xr-x 6 mysql mysql 4096 Apr 9 17:54 data4drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Apr 9 17:14 data1drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 Apr 9 17:54 data2drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 Apr 9 17:54 data3现在可以通过mysqld_multi启动了。三,mysqld_multi命令.使
用如下参数来启动mysqld_multi: (注:该命令在mysql的bin目录中,根据上面所提到./configure
--prefix=/usr/local/mysql ,所以该文件应该在 /usr/local/mysq/bin, 这得根据你安装时所指定的路径
)db-app:/ # mysqld_multi [options] {start|stop|report} [GNR[,GNR]...]start,stop和report是指你想到执行的操作。你可以在单独的服务或是多服务上指定一个操作，区别于选项后面的GNR列表。如果没有指定GNR列表，那么mysqld_multi将在所有的服务中根据选项文件进行操作。每
一个GNR的值是组的序列号或是一个组的序列号范围。此项的值必须是组名字最后的数字，比如说如果组名为mysqld17，那么此项的值则为17.如果指
定一个范围，使用"-"(破折号)来连接二个数字。如GNR的值为10-13,则指组mysqld10到组mysqld13。多个组或是组范围可以在命令
行中指定，使用","(逗号)隔开。不能有空白的字符(如空格或tab)，在空白字符后面的参数将会被忽略。
(注:GNR值就是我们定义my.cnf中mysqld#中的值,我这里只有1-4).db-app:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf start 1 只启动 第一个mysql服务,相关文件由my.cnf中mysql1设定.db-app:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf stop 1 启止 第一个mysql服务 db-app:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf start 1-4, 启动 第1至4mysql服务,其实就是我这里的全部.db-app:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf report 1-4查看启动:db-app:/ # ps aux root
10467 0.0 0.2 2712 1300 pts/0 S 18:59 0:00 /bin/sh
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --port=3306 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock1root
10475 0.0 0.2 2712 1300 pts/0 S 18:59 0:00 /bin/sh
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --port=3307 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock2 root
10482 0.0 0.2 2716 1300 pts/0 S 18:59 0:00 /bin/sh
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --port=3308 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock3root
10487 0.0 0.2 2716 1300 pts/0 S 18:59 0:00 /bin/sh
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --port=3309 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock4.............................................四,客户端访问任何客户端访问都需要指定访问端口.方才能进入指定数据库服务.否则将使用到Mysql默认的端口（3306）所服务的MYSQL。**********************************************************第二部分, 在一台服务器构建多mysql主 服务.**********************************************************提
示:建立一个帐号,专门用于下面主从复制,本例用的的帐号repl, 口令为:'1234567890', 可让其拥有select_priv,
reload_priv,process_priv,grant_priv,super_priv,repl_slave_priv,repl_client_priv
权限，并能通过任何客户进行访问,即访问客户为'%'。主要是修改my.cnf中的内容,让每个mysql生成自己的bin-log文件及各自的运行环境，现贴上我的my.cnf全部内容,相关参数与请参考mysql 官文手册.#[client]#password = your_password#port = 3306#socket = /tmp/mysql.sock[mysqld_multi]mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safemysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladminuser = mysqlpassword = mypasswd[mysqld1]port = 3306socket = /tmp/mysql.sock1skip-lockingpid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/net-app1a.piddatadir = /usr/local/mysql/datalog=/usr/local/mysql/data/net-app1.loguser = mysqllog-slow-queries=/usr/local/mysql/data/slowquery.loglong_query_time = 2key_buffer = 256Mmax_allowed_packet = 1Mtable_cache = 512sort_buffer_size = 2Mread_buffer_size = 2Mmyisam_sort_buffer_size = 64Mthread_cache = 32query_cache_size = 32Mthread_concurrency = 2max_connections=500log-binlog-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data/app-net1_1-binserver-id = 1[mysqld2]port = 3307socket = /tmp/mysql.sock2pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data2/net-app1b.piddatadir = /usr/local/mysql/data2log=/usr/local/mysql/data2/net-app1.loguser = mysqllog-slow-queries=/usr/local/mysql/data2/slowquery.loglong_query_time = 10key_buffer = 128Mmax_allowed_packet = 1Mtable_cache = 512sort_buffer_size = 1Mread_buffer_size = 1Mmyisam_sort_buffer_size = 32Mthread_cache = 32query_cache_size = 16Mthread_concurrency = 2max_connections=300log-binlog-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data2/app-net1_2-binserver-id = 1[mysqld3]port = 3308socket = /tmp/mysql.sock3skip-lockingpid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data3/net-app1c.piddatadir = /usr/local/mysql/data3log=/usr/local/mysql/data3/net-app1.loguser = mysqllog-binlog-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data3/app-net1_3-binserver-id = 1[mysqld4]port = 3309socket = /tmp/mysql.sock4skip-lockingpid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data1/app-net1d.piddatadir = /usr/local/mysql/data1log=/usr/local/mysql/data1/net-app1.loguser = mysqllog-binlog-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data1/app-net1_4-binserver-id = 1[mysqldump]quickmax_allowed_packet = 16M[mysql]no-auto-rehash# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL#safe-updates[isamchk]key_buffer = 128Msort_buffer_size = 128Mread_buffer = 2Mwrite_buffer = 2M[myisamchk]key_buffer = 128Msort_buffer_size = 128Mread_buffer = 2Mwrite_buffer = 2M[mysqlhotcopy]interactive-timeout **********************启动多mysql服务都是相同的,db-app:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf start 1-4**********************************************************第三部分, 在一台服务器构建多mysql 从服务.**********************************************************构
建从服务器的预选准备: 建议用mysqld_multi
把主服务器的mysql全部停掉.删除数据目录中的所有除数据库目录以外的任何文件(此文中的数据目录库有４个,datadir =
/usr/local/mysql/中的 data1 -- data1)．建主从都用相同的数据目录路径．用Tar 命令把每数据库封装起来，并通过sftp命令put/get到从服务器(db-app1 192.168.0.101).下列操作供参考:在db-app主机上的操作db-app:/ # tar -cf data1.tar /usr/local/mysql/data1db-app:/ # tar -cf data2.tar /usr/local/mysql/data2db-app:/ # tar -cf data3.tar /usr/local/mysql/data3db-app:/ # tar -cf data4.tar /usr/local/mysql/data4在db-app1主机上的操作db-app1:/ # tar xvf data1.tar db-app1:/ # tar xvf data2.tar db-app1:/ # tar xvf data3.tar db-app1:/ # tar xvf data4.tar 同时，请确认系统帐号mysql是否对主/从服务器的中的mysql数据目录都有操作权限，如果无法确认，你直接更修改这些目录的所有权即可。在db-app主机上的操作db-app:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data1 -Rdb-app:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data2 -Rdb-app:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data3 -Rdb-app:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data4 -R在db-app1主机上的操作db-app1:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data1 -Rdb-app2:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data2 -Rdb-app3:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data3 -Rdb-app4:/ # chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data4 -R下面就是从服务器上/etc/my.cnf的全部内容.提示:下面的my.cnf中将会提到一个帐号:repl, 口令为:'1234567890', 这个帐号就是上面专门建立的。其实都一样,主要是修改my.cnf中的内容,让每个从mysql通过主mysql的不同的端口,去获取各自bin-log来更新自生的数据库内容．现贴上我的my.cnf全部内容(从服务器),相关参数与请参考mysql 官文手册.#[client]#password = your_password#port = 3306#socket = /tmp/mysql.sock[mysqld_multi]mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safemysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladminuser = mysqlpassword = netmoniit[mysqld1]port = 3306socket = /tmp/mysql.sock1skip-lockingpid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/net-app1a.piddatadir = /usr/local/mysql/datalog=/usr/local/mysql/data/net-app1.loguser = mysqllog-slow-queries=/usr/local/mysql/data/slowquery.loglong_query_time = 2key_buffer = 256Mmax_allowed_packet = 1Mtable_cache = 512sort_buffer_size = 2Mread_buffer_size = 2Mmyisam_sort_buffer_size = 64Mthread_cache = 32query_cache_size = 32Mthread_concurrency = 2max_connections=500server-id = 2master-host = 192.168.0.100master-user = 'repl'master-password = '1234567890'master-port = 3309report-host = net-app1master-connect-retry = 30log-binlog-slave-updates[mysqld2]port = 3307socket = /tmp/mysql.sock2pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data2/net-app1b.piddatadir = /usr/local/mysql/data2log=/usr/local/mysql/data2/net-app1.loguser = mysqllog-slow-queries=/usr/local/mysql/data2/slowquery.loglong_query_time = 10key_buffer = 128Mmax_allowed_packet = 1Mtable_cache = 512sort_buffer_size = 1Mread_buffer_size = 1Mmyisam_sort_buffer_size = 32Mthread_cache = 32query_cache_size = 16Mthread_concurrency = 2max_connections=300server-id = 2master-host = 192.168.0.100master-user = 'repl'master-password = '1234567890'master-port = 3309report-host = net-app1master-connect-retry = 30log-binlog-slave-updates[mysqld3]port = 3308socket = /tmp/mysql.sock3pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data3/net-app1c.piddatadir = /usr/local/mysql/data3log=/usr/local/mysql/data3/net-app1.loguser = mysqllog-slow-queries=/usr/local/mysql/data3/slowquery.loglong_query_time = 10key_buffer = 128Mmax_allowed_packet = 1Mtable_cache = 512sort_buffer_size = 1Mread_buffer_size = 1Mmyisam_sort_buffer_size = 32Mthread_cache = 32query_cache_size = 16Mthread_concurrency = 2max_connections=300server-id = 2master-host = 192.168.0.100master-user = 'repl'master-password = '1234567890'master-port = 3309report-host = net-app1master-connect-retry = 30log-binlog-slave-updates[mysqld3]port = 3308socket = /tmp/mysql.sock4pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data4/net-app1d.piddatadir = /usr/local/mysql/data4log=/usr/local/mysql/data4/net-app1.loguser = mysqllog-slow-queries=/usr/local/mysql/data4/slowquery.loglong_query_time = 10key_buffer = 128Mmax_allowed_packet = 1Mtable_cache = 512sort_buffer_size = 1Mread_buffer_size = 1Mmyisam_sort_buffer_size = 32Mthread_cache = 32query_cache_size = 16Mthread_concurrency = 2max_connections=300server-id = 2master-host = 192.168.0.100master-user = 'repl'master-password = '1234567890'master-port = 3309report-host = net-app1master-connect-retry = 30log-binlog-slave-updates[mysqldump]quickmax_allowed_packet = 16M[mysql]no-auto-rehash# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL#safe-updates[isamchk]key_buffer = 128Msort_buffer_size = 128Mread_buffer = 2Mwrite_buffer = 2M[myisamchk]key_buffer = 128Msort_buffer_size = 128Mread_buffer = 2Mwrite_buffer = 2M[mysqlhotcopy]interactive-timeout ****************************************在功告成,现在分别启动两台主机上的多mysql服务，这样，每个主服务的每个mysql有变化，都会自动复制／更新到从服务器对应的数据库中。db-app:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf start 1-4db-app1:/ # /usr/local/mysq/bin/mysqld_multi --config-file=/etc/my.cnf start 1-4********************五,未来测试,接下来我想做一个多主一从的Mysql服务器复制解决方案! 那位可以给点意见啊!结构如下．就
是有主服务器Server A , Server B和从服务器 Server C, A 和 B运行着不同的数据库应用,
假设数据库名都不同。Server C（假设这三台ＰＣ上都只运行了一个mysql服务），包括了Ａ了Ｂ服务器的所有Mysql
用户及相同的访问权限, 并集成在一个Mysql服务中. C通过主/从方式复制Ａ和Ｂ的数据库。就是差不就是把两个主服务器的mysql合并到一个从服务器中.<完>Windy.Chan 26, Apr, 06 10:00 最后更新.作者声明:1,欢迎转载，但在务必在转载时注明出处.2,作者贴出此贴仅供大家学习参考，任何人因按本文操作而造成任何损失均与作者无关。3,参考文献1.作者：翻译：miFor 来源：http://mifor.4dian.org/ 《使用mysqld_multi程序管理多个MySQL服务》参考文献2:《 Mysql 5.1 Reference Manual 》 |
