六级阅读精讲
无论是哪一种英语考试，阅读部分都至关重要，可以说只要阅读做好了就有拿高分的把握。阅读理解不像词汇那样可以在短时间里有显著的提高，它必须靠平时大量的练习和长时间的积累才会有好的效果。阅读的首要任务就是理解，六级的阅读考题基本上要求全面理解。有的考生认为六级阅读越快越好，这是一个误区，如果对所读的材料不理解，读得再快也没有用。
还有一个误区就是有的考生认为现在各种各样的补习班教授的应试技巧可以解决一切问题，这也是不正确的，因为阅读的高分来自语言基础与应试技巧的结合，语言基础越好，技巧运用越容易，决不能走人离开语言基础单纯追求技巧的误区。因此，在平时的学习中必须扎扎实实练好语言基本功，扩大知识面与思维视野，同时有针对性地掌握应试技巧，这样才会有事半功倍的效果。
阅读中常见的问题
一、视域窄
实验证明人的视域最大可以一目半行，而考生一般是一目一词，连一目三、四词的速度都达不到，这是考生阅读时间不够的主要原因。
另外，用手或笔指着阅读，逐行地点着阅读或一边读一边翻译都会影响阅读速度。而且，有些单词并非是与文章主旨直接相关的关键词，这样，反而不能有效地集中精神阅读较重点的关键词句。
二、回读
一般来说为了斟酌题干和原文的关系，回读是不可避免的。但是对一些生词、难句不论是否与题干有关都反复地进行阅读，这样会干扰对全文的理解。有时印象太深，甚至会在做题时选择与读不懂的原文相似或相近的选项。
三、有声朗读和无声朗读
无声朗读是比较普遍的现象，这样容易分散注意力，人容易疲劳，影响对关键词句的理解，大大影响阅读速度。
四、做题时依据自己的主观臆断
我们对自己熟悉的题材常常带有明显的个人看法，往往根据自己已有的观点去理解原文，而忽视了作者的观点，因而常常误选一些不确切的答案。
阅读技巧
经常我们都能从各种各样的参考书上看到以下的技巧，我觉得做夭级的阅读题，这些方法足以提高六级的阅读速度。我想强调的是一定要将这些方法变成自己的能力，只有多练习才可以彻底掌握，否则再多的技巧都是无用的书面语言。
一、略读(skimming)
所谓略读是一种选择阅读法。它有两个特点：第一，它有意地忽略掉一些字词、句子或段落；第二，它有意地不求甚解。例如抓住一段的大意时甚至可以对该段落的一半或者四分之三不予理睬。
略读不是略去某些词不读，而是指不可以逐字逐词阅读。要抓住关键词，阅读句群，把握整体意思。在一个句子里，最关键的莫过于主语、谓语、宾语了，其他的成分都是用来补充主、谓、宾的附加成分，让主、谓、宾看起来更加丰满。使用略读法时，要省去各种细节的知识，如数字、公式、时间、地点、人物年龄等。要注意故事的主要情节，抓住中心意思。在方法上，阅读时可以跳跃某些句子，但要注意关键词、关键段落和问题。当找到了所需要的信息时，要立即停下来。然后，再慢慢地细读包含所需信息的那一行或那一句。
例如：The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the joumalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons；first，it seems likely that most people in modem Western societies are more familiar，at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than any other form of interviewing. (that从句只是解释fact，it从句列举reasons，只要抓住The fact seems to be surprising for two reasons，这句话的意思就可以把握了。)
遇到难句一定要将主语、渭语、宾语勾画出来，明显地提醒自己这句话的意思是什么。在做完了题目检查时还一定要认认真真地把句子分析清楚，这样才可以提高自己的阅读能力。
二、找出信号词
信号词常用来连接细节或是强调内容，并可完成段落的转换，暗示读者下文要讲的内容，标志出作者要提出一个新的思想或者观点，或者是作者要对所论述的观点举例说明，或者要详细论述同一观点。例如：
To sum up，Aristotle thought that all motions resulted either from the nature of the moving object or from a sustained push or pull．(表明作者要做结论)
There is never only a single force in a situation．For example, in walking across the floor，we push against the floor, and the floor in turn pushes against us．(举例说明)
In other words, in an economic sense the family was analmost self—sufficient unit．(用不同的表达方法说明同一观点)
常用的主要有：
A．表示递进关系
如：also，besides，further，furthermore，even，too，moreover．in addition，in particular，even more important等。
B．表示时间和顺序
如：before，now，next，first，finally，at first，at last，then，until，soon，later，after，eventually，in the past，afterwards，meanwhile。in the meantime等。
C．表示空间顺序
如：beside，between，beyond，from(…to)，outside，next to，opposite to等。
D．表示下文要引出例子
如：such as, i.e.，for example，for instance，in fact等。
E．表示因果关系
如：because，thus，so，so that，as a result，therefore，consequently, for this(that)reason，hence，accordingly等。
F．表示比较或对比(下文要开始转折)
如：(un)like，similarly，likewise，in the same way，in spite of，despite，on the contrary，by comparison，in contrast，but，however，although，on the other hand，yet，nevertheless，conversely，otherwise等。
G．表示结论和概括意义
如：to conclude，to sum up，in sum，in conclusion．In short，in brief，on the whole等。
在文中遇到此类词汇一定要做标记，考点也常常在这些地方出现。
三、找到中心思想
一个句子、一段文章虽然能提供许多信息，但它的中心意思通常只有一个。其它细节都围绕这个意思，说明这个意思。要提高阅读速度有一个最根本的要求，就是要找到并抓住这个中心意思。抓住了中心意思才能正确地理解句子、段落或通篇的基本内容。下面几组词，每一组都有一个中心词：
A．apple fruit orange
B．animal cat dog bird
c．green red yellow color
D．chair table furniture couch
E．nurse profession teacher lawyer
段落的中心意思与句子的中心意思是类似的。一般有两种情况:一种是表明的中心意思，另一种是隐含的中心意思。表明的中心意思常常用一个或几个句子来表示，隐含的中心尽想需要读者用自己的话去概括、归纳整篇或整段的含义。
要想在考试中在阅读理解部分取得高分，首先必须学会寻找中心思想、抓住中心思想，特别是段落的中心思想。主题句的位置比较灵活，有的在段首。有的在段末，有的则居段中，但主题句在段首的比较多。例如：
As the sun went down , the scene from the bridge was beautiful, It had been a perfect day. Up and down on either side of NY the bright blue water lay gently rippling, while to the south it merged into the great bay and disappeared toward the sea. The vast cities spread away on both sides. Beyond rolled the hilly country until it was lost in the mists of the sky. All up and down the harbor the shipping, piers , and buildings were still gaily decorated. On the housetops of both Brooklyn and NY were multitudes of people.
主题句就是第一句。其他的句子只是细节，都是解释、说明第一句的。
不论主题句在句首也好，在句末也好，都是用一个完整的句子表达这一段的中心意思的，在这一类的文章中，识别主题句进而抓住中心意思是比较容易的，比较困难的是识别、寻找隐含的中心意思，例如：
Tennis is not a difficult game to play , and you do not need a lot of equipment to play it. There must be two or four players. Each player should have a comfortable tennis racket. The players will also need some tennis balls. Of course, it is necessary to have a tennis court.
这一段的中心意思没有用主题句表示出来，而是包含在这一段的上下文中，需要我们用自己的话进行概括、归纳。可以看出，这一段的中心意思应该是：Players need a court，rackets，and tennis balls。
四、正确处理阅读中出现的生词，提高阅读速度
个别生词不会影响我们对全文的理解，而且大纲中也允许有3％左右的生词。对有些与答题无关的生词一般可以忽略过去。如果有个别生词影响了对全篇的理解和做题，就需要去猜测词义。在考试中当然是无法求助于字典的，一般可以有两种方法：第一是根据构词法判断词义。这种方法需要认识大量的词根，否则一切猜测都无从谈起；第二种是根据与上下文的关系推测其词义，生词不是孤立的、封闭的，它所出现于渲械木渥印⒍温涠蓟崽峁┖芏嗟陌凳竞拖咚鳎渲凶畛＜纳舷挛陌凳净蛳咚饔幸韵挛逯郑?
1．同义词或复述线索。在同一句子中使用另外一个词，该词与生词具有基本相同的意义；或者，使用几个词来复述生词的意义。例如：
下面黑体字与画框的字意义相同：
A．The woman found herself in a difficult situation．In fact her plight was so serious that she decided to get help．
B．Children often try to emulate or copy the behavior that they．see on television．
2．比较／对照线索，一个句子可能包含有这样一个词，它与生词具有相反的意义。作者有时使用on the other hand，however，although，unlike，yet和but等转折语，提醒读者注。意他要使用一个与生词具有相反意义地词语。
下面黑体字与画框的字意义相反：
A．Some people like to walk quickly home after work，but I prefer to stroll home and look at the store windows along the way.
B． Although the doctor usually performed the operation perfectly．the nurse knew he had slipped when she saw the patient's blood pressure suddenly rise．
3．例释线索。作者有时给出一些例子，指示或解释生词的含义。
请阅读下列句子，并通过每一句中的例子判断黑体字的意义。
A．There was a kind of detachment about the old man's behavior．It appeared as if he didn't care what you were saying to him．as if what you were saying were of no interest to him．
B．In a battle situation he always appeared calm and relaxed．It was this calm demeanor that earned him the respect and admiration of the other soldiers．
4．直接解释的线索。作者有时担心自己所使用的词不易为读者理解，于是就直接解释该词的意义。阅读下列句子，找出黑体字的解释语：
A．The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid；that is，it could not be tasted，seen，or smelled．
B．From the shelf above him。the old man took down a phiaI，a small glass bottle used to keep liquids，and he placed it on the table in front of him．
5．经验线索或情景线索。有些生词可以根据它们所出现于其中的情景去理解；也可以结合读者自己的经验去理解。
阅读下列句子，运用每一个句子所描述的情景去推断黑体字的含义：
A．Alan found himself on the first floor of an old，seemingly abandoned building，as he walked up to the second floor he could hear the old wooden stairs creak with each step he took．
B．It was the first time Nancy had been in a big city．She felt a little apprehensive as she walked out onto the street．with so many strange faces staring at her
五、跳读法
跳读法是略读法的进一步发展。跳读法就是读的时候，头脑中带着问题，寻找问题的具体答案，采取跳跃、选择阅读的方法。一旦找到了问题的具体答案，便立即停下来，跳读法也是快读的一种形式。如果略去冗余的单词，文章所表达的思想并不受太大的影响。
用跳读法做下面的练习，并迅速选出答案：
A．What_____(in 1836；a new car；yesterday)
B．Why________(last week；for some ice；very carefully)
C．Which_______(the green box；45 cents；in ten minutes)
D．How________($649；very quickly；a new red car)
E．Where________(at 9 PM；every meming；in Florida)
F．When_______(under the table；with Susan and Joe；about five hours ago)
G．Who_______(a very good coach；Mr．Roberts；some pens and pencils)
除了以上几点，还有很多其他的方法可以用来提高阅读速度，例如句群阅读法等。无论是哪种方法目的都是为了在提高速度的同时加强对文章的理解。因此，无论采用哪种形式，一定要记住不要为了一棵树苗而忘记了整片森林。不认识的生词可以跳过去，大部分的生词并不影响对整个句子意思的理解，不要一遇到生词心里就慌了。
阅读考试特点
一、材料特点
六级阅读文章的篇幅约为1400词(共四篇文章，每篇约为350词)，多以议论文、说明文为主。议论文一般论证某一观点的正误，说明文一般对事物或现象进行说明或解释。不多见的记叙文多讲述事物的发生、发展、结构或人物的生平经历或者是事情以及相关的情景。文章的题材广泛，可分为人文类(包括历史、地理、文化、教育、语言、文学、风俗习惯等)、社科类(包括社会学、心理学、经济学等)、自然科学(包括物理、化学、数学、计算机等)和生命科学(如生物学、医学等)。
二、测试重点有
l．掌握所读材料的主旨大意；
2．把握与主旨大意有关的事实和细节；
3．既理解单句的意思，又理解上下文的逻辑关系；
4．既读懂字面意思，又能推断隐含之意；
5．根据上下文判断词汇、短句和句子的特定含义；
6．领会作者的观点、态度和意图。
三、命题特点
如果掌握了六级阅读的命题特点，并结合自己的语言知识熟练运用，则可以事半功倍。
首先，六级的任何一道试题都紧扣原文的某些词语，要紧紧跟随原文，不要根据自己的臆断去做题，要根据原文的线索按图索骥。
其次，答案通常要做合理的推断或转换，正确的选项往往只是意思上与原文相近，而用词或结构都会做相应的转换，那些与原文在用词和结构上相似的选项多为干扰项。
阅读文章的段落结构
一般来说，每一类文体或每一位作者都遵循着大体一致的组织原则。了解这些原则就可以加深对文章的理解和加快阅读速度。而文章是由段落组成的，因此，理解文章应从理解每一段的段落结构开始。因为六级阅读的篇章不长，因此理解段落的结构对做六级阅读有很大的作用，可以快速地找到中心思想和具体的事实与细节。一般有以下几种结构：
一、时间顺序
事件的发生、发展过程都是有时间的。在头脑中有了一个明确的时间顺序，也就是事件的连续性，有助于快速地理解和抓住中心思想。例如：
A small, hand - propelled German submarine , the Brand-taucher, sank in 1851 in sixty feet of water , with her captain ,Wilhelm Bauer, and two crew members aboard. Her hull immediately began to collapse under the pressure of the sea. CaptainBauer , who had built the tiny craft, knew that if he could keep his two companions from panicking while allowing the water to rise steadily inside her , the interior and exterior pressure would equalize and they would be able to open the hatch and got out. They did.
二、地点顺序
一切事件的发生、发展过程都有不同的地点，把这些地点联系起来，同样有助于快速地抓住中心思想，找到具体的事实与细节。
三、事件的重要性的顺序
有些段落的细节构成常常是次要的放在前面，重要的放在最后。了解重要性的先后次序同样有助于我们快速地找到并抓住中心思想。
四、对比法
文章中为了描述一种不熟悉的事物或观念，常常把它们与我们所熟悉的事物或观念想对比，或者把过去的事物与现在的事物相对比。如果熟悉作者的这种笔法，有助于使我们快速地捕捉到中心意思和具体细节。下面的例子中，有三个方面进行了比较：
While there are many differences between high school and college , I'd have to say that the most important ones all involve freedom. Everyone has to attend high school , at least until tenth grade , so very often you find classes where the students aren't serious about learning. College is exactly the opposite. People are there voluntarily because they want to learn and improve themselves. As a result college students are much more serious and interested. Another major difference is that colleges don' t enforce arbitrary rules. In high school you need a pass to be in the hallway during class, and you can' t leave a classroom without permission. On the other hand , college students can go where they please.
五、因果关系
在说明文或议论文中，事物的因果关系常被用来作为展开段落的方法。先讲原因，后给结果或者是先给结果，后讲原因。还有一些段落在原因显而易见的情况下可以只集中说明结果；相反，还有一些段落则只涉及原因，例如：
My grandfather's farm has become much easier to manage in recent years. His prize Holstein cows , for example , are now milked by automatic pumps rather than by hand. Also , the eggs his hens lay are hatched in incubators instead of by the hens themselves. The temperature and humidity in the hen houses are controlled by thermostats, not by Nature' s whim; and the amount of food his chickens get each day is determined by a computer rather than by a farmhand's estimates. All that is left for grandfather to go , he jokes, is to sit back and pay the huge electric bills.
六、分类
分类是根据事物的特点分别归类。这样组合段落的目的是为了分清每一种类的性质。例如：
In ferreting the interests of people in space, we are aware that there are probably three reasons. Firstly , it is a plan of looking for other places to hold the overcrowded population on this
earth. Secondly , it is the curiosity of mankind to urge the scientists for the research work, because they desire too eagerly the coming of the day when they can travel freely in space. Thirdly, we are reminded of the mineral sources which are not sufficient to provide for the needs on the earth, so we try every effort to go to other planets in the hope for searching for new resources.
七、一般到个别
大多数的段落以主题句开头，开门见山，点明主题，然后给出具体细节，或是用理由和实例来论证主题。例如：
My ambition is to go to college, but my environment does not allow me to do so. My father has been in some difficulty in supporting me even in the middle school, so it is certainly a greater difficulty for him to pay my expenses in college. And I have five brothers in schools. If I go to college, the burden will be too heavy for my father. Moreover, I am poor in science, and perhaps this will prevent me from being successfully assigned the entrance of a college.
八、个别到一般
这种段落是先给出具体细节，或是以理由和实例开头，而后用概述全段意思的一般性评论作为段落结尾。
此外，还有定义法，这种方式是对某些词、术语或抽象概念下定义。使用段落下定义往往先把一个词限定为总属词类的一项，再把这个词项和同类中的其他项目相区别。
阅读题型
六级阅读中的题型主要可以分为以下几类：
一、细节题
细节题就是针对文章中的细节所出的考题。这些事实和细节主要包括：主要人物、主要事件、主要情节、主要过程、主要的原因和结果、主要的数据、主要的时间和地点。
有一些方法可以准确地找到细节和事实：
A．找到中心思想，那么支持中心思想的事实与细节就自然显现出来了。
B．要明确所有事实和细节并不是同等重要的。与中心思想相联系的事实和细节是重要的事实和细节；与中心思想无关，只是引起兴趣的事实和细节是次要的事实和细节。要把重要的事实和细节分开，因为，出题的地方一般是重要的事实与细节，这样次要的部分就可以略去不阅读了。
C．寻找段落的构成及信息的排列形式。
D．要把作者的观点与事实分开。
E．在阅读的过程中要给自己提问(Who?Where?When?What or what happened?＆Why?)
F．最后，要迅速地检查一下所找到的事实与细节，并加以总结。
细节题主要命题方式有：
According to the passage，it is…that…
The author describes…as…because…A chief factor in…is
根据分类，细节题一般有以下几种形式：
1．词性、同义词、反义词的转换，这类题主要考查读者对原文表达细节信息的词汇、惯用法的正确理解，这是相对比较简单的题目，只要在原文中找到支持选项的词语即可。
2．同时利用词语和句法的转换。这类题目的正确选项与原文的表达不尽相同，一般会在词语或句型上有变化，比如原文用的是双重否定，选项中常常出现肯定的句式；或原文与选项互换反义词。解这类题的关键也是要找对考点，因为无论怎样变化，原文表达具体事实和细节的信息与问题加选项的信息在意思上一定是相同的。
3．综合细节题。需要将文章的信息与自己对主题的原有观点和判断相结合，综合概括作者给出的各种细节。
4．排除型题型。要仔细找到每个选项的出处，一个一个地排除，这种题型没有技巧可言，只要仔细就可以做对。
例如：
A single word emptied Surat' s usually swarming streets last week. Ignoring public - health officials' frantic appeals to stay home, residents began escaping the slum- ridden city, about 175 kilometers north of Bombay, by any means at hand. Doctors identified the disease, which has already killed more than 100 inhabitants,as pneumonic plague. Bubonic plague, the disease's more common form, is carried by fleas from rats---animals considered sacred by many Indians. Bubonic plague ravaged Europe in the 14th century, making itself infamous as the Black Death, and killed nearly 12 million people in India between 1896 and 1936. The even more lethal pneumonic form can also travel directly from human to human, causing high fever, a bloody congh and often death without hours. As of late last week, relief workers said roughly 500,000 of Surat' s 2.5 million residents had already fled.
The mass exodus raised worries of a full - blown epidemic.Officials tried to cordon off the city, hoping to prevent people already infected with the disease from carrying it elsewhere--especially to crowded Bombay, just three hours away by train. But containing the public's growing sense of panic was beyond the powers of belated separations and emergency shipments of antibiotics. An outbreak of bubonic plague, Indian' s first encounter with that disease since 1966, hit the area of Bombay shortly before the pneumonic virus arrived in Surat. Late last
week officials declared the bubonic contagion under control. Of the few score people known to have contracted the disease, none had died. But the pneumonic killer remained on the loose.
1. Surat was a______
A)big and crowed city.
B)poor and densely populated city.
C) city with a long history of plague.
D)busy city with narrow streets.
综合细节题型，第一段三处分别提到了Surat是一个贫穷且人口密集的城市，综合得出B)为正确选项。
2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A) The cause of bubonic plague.
B)The symptoms of pneumonic plague.
C)The measures taken by the officials.
D)The first time the plague hit India.
排除型题型，第一段和第二段分别提到了A)、B)、c)选项的内容，故排除D)，所以D)也就是正确答案。
二、主旨大意题
主要的命题方式有：
What's the subject of the passage?
The main idea(point)of the passage is______．
The suitable title for the passage might be_______．
主旨大意题一般有以下几种形式：
1．段落主旨题。这种段落的中心大意一般出现在这一段的第一句或最后一句，但有时也有几句话的综合，并不直接在某一句中体现。
2．全篇主旨题。这种题主要考对全文的中心大意的概括能力。有时中心意思在首段用主题句等方式表达出来，有时则在中段或尾段。有主题句的文章的其他各部分通常都紧密围绕主题句层层展开。一般在阅读文章的时候就应该对作者的中心大意有一个比较准确的理解，在前面所提到的勾画主题句可以很好的解决主旨型题型。
还有一点必须注意的是，在做完所有的题后，应该再重新考虑主旨题，看是否与其他各题有矛盾之处，如有，那么主旨题应该重新考虑答案。
Though they were not trained naturalists, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark in their explorations of North American in the early nineteenth century came across enough unfamiliar birds, mammals, and reptiles to fill a zoo. In keeping with president Jefferson's orders, they took careful note of 122 species and subspecies that were unknown to science and in many eases native only to the West. Clark make sketches of any particularly intriguing creature. He and lewis also collected animal hides and horns and skins with such care that a few of them were still intact nearly two centuries later. While Lewis and Clark failed to meet the mythological monsters reputed to well in the West, they did unearth the bones of a 45 - foot dinosaur. Furthermore, some of the living beasts they did come upon, such as the woolly mountain goat and the grizzly bear were every bit as odd or as fearsome as any myth. In their collector's enthusiasm, they even floated aprairie dog out of its burrow by pouring in five barrelfuls of water,then shipped the frisky animal to Jefferson alive and yelping.
Q: What does the passage mainly discuss?
A) President Jefferson' s pets.
B) Collector's techniques for capturing wildlife.
C) Jobs for trained naturalists.
D) Record newly discovered species of animals.
正确答案为C)。原文要讲述Mefiwether Lewis和William Clark在19世纪早期在北美探险时发现的一些以前所不熟悉的鸟、哺乳动物及爬行动物等。这在原文开头提到了，接着具体叙述他们探险时遇到各种动物时的情况。这是典型的中心句在句首的情况。
三、逻辑关系题
这种题型的主要命题方式有：
From the passage we know that______．
The first sentence in the passage tells us that________．
1．句子之间的逻辑关系题。正确勾画出信号词对这种题非常有用。只要找到信号词，就可以把握句子之间到底是因果关系还是转折关系。但在更多情况下，逻辑关系并没有明显的标志词，这时一定要小心分析句子之间存在的隐形的逻辑关系。
2．文章各段之间的关系。文章各段落之间的逻辑关系通常都体现在段落的开头和结尾。找到前一段的最后一句与后一段的第一句之间的关系便成为解题的关键。一般段落之间的关系有时间先后顺序、平行列举关系、对比结构关系、因果关系等。因为为了使文章的结构严密，作者通常会使用一些表示次序、递进、转折等的过渡词，勾画出这些标志词可以方便理解段落之间的关系。
例如：
Shakespeare said that" some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them. "So it is with leadership. Some men are born with capacity for leadership. Some acquire that art by watching and studying the actions of those around them. Other persons find themselves thrown into unusual situations which require them to draw on resources they never realized they had, and events bring out marked leadership. Most of us are never put to such tests. Most of us are not born leaders.
Q: At the beginning of the passage, Shakespeare's words are quoted
A)to make readers appreciate the writer's style
B)to show the writer's appreciation of Shakespeare's ideas
C) to stress the importance of good leadership
D)to help describe different kinds of leaders
“so it is”意思是“也一样”，看出这里是类比关系，表明莎士比亚的话同样适用对领导才能的描述。莎翁提到3种不同的人，那么领导人也有至少3种类型，由此可知，作者引述这句话的目的在于描绘不同类型的领导，故正确选项是D)。
四、推断题
主要的提问方式有：
It can be inferred from the passage that________．
1t is implied in the passage that_______．
It is implied but not stated：_______．
推断题有一定的难度，在解决时要结合文章的主旨大意，从语篇层面上把握全文，同时要利用相关部分的背景知识，甚至常识推理。不能死抠字面意思，也不可以主观臆断，还有一点就是必须区分事实和观点。
例如：
Dialectic in this sense of the word has no other aim but to reduce to a regular system and collect and exhibit the arts which most men employ when they observe in a dispute , that Ruth is not on their side, and still attempt to gain the day. Hence, it would be very inexpedient to pay any regard to objective troth or its advancement in the science of Dialectic, since this is not done in that original and natural Dialectic, innate in men, where they strive for nothing but victory. The science of Dialectic, in one sense of the word, is mainly concerned to tabulate and analyze dishonest stratagems, in order that in a real debate they may be at once recognized and defeated. It is for this very reason that Dialectic must admittedly take victory, and not objective truth, for its aim and purpose...
QI: In the context of the selection, "dialectic" most probably means
A)the search for truth
B) an objective attitude toward reality
C)a philosophic acceptance of deficit
D) a system of logical thinking rules
Q2: The term " inexpedient" ( sentence 2) is likely to mean
A)innocent B) wise C) impractical D) efficient
Q3: When the author claims that the science of dialectic enables a person to "analyze dishonest stratagems", the term "stratagem" seems to mean
A) statistics B)devices C)attitudes D)gestures
Q4: When he implies that the desire to win is" innate in men," the author means that the urge is
A)natural B)vicious C)wrong D) theoretical
Q1：在选文中，单词dialectic的大意是：A)：对真理的探索；B)：对现实的客观态度；C)：逆来顺受；D)：辩证法的体系。根据上下文，正确答案应该是选项D)，其他选项都不对。
Q2：句子二中inexpedient一词的含义是不便的，不明智的。所给的四个选项的意思分别是：A)：无故的；B)：明智的；C)：不现实的；D)：效率高的。从文章和句子中可以看出，正确答案是选项c)。其他选项都不对。
Q3：作者称辩证法可以帮助一个人分析不诚实的“stratagems”。所给四个选项的意思分别是：A)：统计学；B)：工具；C)：态度；D)：手势。在本文中stratagem应为“方式、方法、工具”之意，所以正确答案是选项B)，其他选项都不对。
Q4：当作者暗示说他想得到的是人的天性，作者指的这种驱动力是：A)：自然的；B)：邪恶的；C)：错误的；D)：理论的。考生可以从innate天生的，固有的，一词推知答案是选项A)，其他选项都不对。
又如：1990年1月试题第31题
31 、It is implied that fifty years ago_______
A) eighty per cent of American working people were employed in factories
B) twenty per cent of American intellectuals were employees
C)the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as that of individual workers
D) the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of the industrial workers
答案选D)。这是一道需要自己推断结论的题，在文中没有现成的答案。文章中提到约一百年前只有1／5的人受雇于人，50年前被雇佣意味着在工厂或农场当劳力，而今天只有1／5的人不受雇于人，而且今天的雇员中受过教育的中产阶级的数目越来越大，由此推出50年前的雇员中知识分子的比例远远小于产业工人。
有的考生往往把推理题想得太难，于是就天马行空地乱推，一般推一步就可以得到结论了，最多都不要推过两层意思。
五、作者的观点、态度题
作者往往并不直接表明自己对某一事物或观点的态度和倾向，有时通过全文的叙述，有时可通过作者的用词(尤其是形容词和副词)，推断作者的语气。常见的提问方式有：
What is the author's opinion?
How does the author feel about．．．?
Which of the following can best describe the style of the
passage?
要做对这类题，必须做到正确理解作者真正的观点，同时还要正确地推断作者的语气、态度，弄清作者写这篇文章的目的是什么，作者的态度是肯定还是否定，以及文中的事实论据是否支持作者的论点等等。同时还必须体会作者的用词和其他修饰手段，例如比喻和讽刺。在读文章的时候要注意勾画出表示作者态度的一些词语，比如sure，satisfaction，magnanimous，还有一些带有消极意义的词，比如ruffled，stingy等。
例如：
The deliberate violation of constituted law (civil disobedience )is never morally justified if the law being violated is not the prime target or focal point of the protest. While our government maintains the principle of the Constitution by providing methods for and protection of those engaged in individual or group dissent, the violation of law simply as a technique of demonstration constitutes rebellion.
Civil disobedience is by definition a violation of the law. The theory of civil disobedience recognizes that its actions, regardless of their justification, must be punished. However, disobedience of laws not the subject of dissent, but merely used to dramatize dissent, is regarded as morally as well as legally unacceptable. It is only with respect to those laws which offend the fundamental values of human life that moral defense of civil disobedience can be rationally supported.
For a just society to exist, the principle of tolerance must be accepted, both by the government in regard to properly expressed individual dissent and by the individual toward legally established majority verdicts. No individual has a monopoly on freedom and all must tolerate opposition. Dissenters must accept dissent from their dissent, diving it all the respect they claim for themselves. To disregard this principle is to make civil disobedience not only legally wrong but morally unjustifiable.
Q: According to the author,
A) the principle of tolerance must be accepted by both parties
B)civil disobedience cannot be accepted in a just society
C)in a just society, no individual tolerate opposition
D) many authorities respect dissent as necessary to the functioning of a free society
正确答案是A)。文中最后一段第一句正是作者表达的观点：容忍的原则要被双方接受才可。标志词是must be。像must be，should这类语气的词均表明了作者是完全支持这种观点的。
六、词汇题
词汇题在很大程度上是根据上下文推测词义的正确理解。常见的提问方式有：
The word“…”means——．
By“…”the author means_______.
对于生词、难词，作者一定会在上下文中进行解释、说明或者用一个比较简单的词重复该词，因此这类题并不难做。如：1 would like your candid opinion。direct and truthful．direct和truthful都是对candid的重复说明，可以推断candid是坦诚的意思。又如：Tom is quite talkative．whereas his sister remains reticent all the time．whereas表示转折，因此可以得出reticent是talkative的反义词，“沉默寡言”之意。
而对于熟词僻义的考题，应该推敲上下文，领会其意思，对本文做适当的引伸；有一个小技巧就是排除该单词常见意义的选项，即对其不予考虑。
例如：
The lorry had been ordered to arrive at the rest- house at seven- thirty for loading, and by eight - thirty we thought we should be well on the road. It was very apparent that we were new to Africa. At ten o’ clock we were pacing round and round our mountain of luggage on the veranda, cursing and fuming impatiently, scanning the road for the truant lorry. At eleven o’ clock a cloud of dust appeared on the horizon and in its midst，like a beetle in a whirlwind。was the lorry．It screeched to a halt below，and the driver dismounted．
Q1．Pacing means_______.
A)running B)walking impatiently
C)counting our steps D)sitting
本题正确答案是B)。文章开头谈到车子未按预定时间到达这一事实，作者使用了should be这样的虚拟语气，说明了作者初来乍到，加上大堆行李，因此等得极不耐烦。在这一语境下，B)项的意义更确切。
Q2：Fuming means_______.
A)angry B)smoking
C)waiting D)laughing
本题正确答案是A)。由上文提示，等车等得不耐烦而导致生气发怒，由此推断，“fuming"的意思是“发怒的，生气的”意思。
Q3：Scanning means______。
A)walking along B)standing beside
C)blaming D)looking at every part of
从这句话的上文和"scan for the lorry"这一短语可以判断他们是在张望要等的货车，故本题正确答案是D)。
Q4：Truant means_______．
A)that hadn’t turned up B)broken—down
C)old-fashioned D)dig
本题正确答案是A)。上文谈到由于车子没按预定时间到达而使他们长时间地等候，由此可推断，“truant"意思是“还没出现的”。
Q5：Screeched to a halt means_______.
A)crashed B)stopped slowIy
C)stopped with a loud noise D)drove up to the door
本题正确答案是C)。要知道这一短语的意思，就要弄清"screech"一词的意思。联系此句的上下文可判断，车子尖叫着停了下来，此处是指突然刹车发出的声音。
Q6：Dismounted means________．
A)got out B)took the engine to pieces
C)opened the door D)drove away again
本题正确答案是A)。上文已说明车停了，这一线索和该词前缀dis(意为away)都给了我们猜测该词义的提示。
词汇题还包括了关于“it、they、one、that”等常见代词的指代问题的题目。在六级里，无论代词指代的是名词还是句子，都会包含名词在内，因此做这类题有一个小技巧就是找名词，在it的前面一个句子里面去找最近的那一个名词。比如：As families move away from their stable community，the informal flow of information is cut off。and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthyand reliable．
这里距it最近的名词是the informal flow of information，可以知道it指代的句子一定与信息流动有关，而只有正确答案the breakdown of informal information channels中间包含非正式信息流的意思
平时训练及考前准备
一、平时训练
阅读应该多做多练才会有好的效果。我觉得平时的阅读训练应该做到以下几点：
1、积累单词。(大纲要求六级应该领会和掌握的单词有5300个，其中复用式掌握的应该有2800个，以及一定量的常用词组。如果词汇量没有达到一定程度，势必会影响阅读的速度。因此，既然阅读的基础是单词，那么平时一定多积累单词，尤其针对一些专业性强的文章多记专业词汇，至少要有一定的印象。因为许多的专业词汇都不是原来的本意，常常有大的变动，如果不知道的话会影响对整篇文章的理解。要扩大词汇量不可以死记硬背，而是要大量地阅读。在阅读中提高自己的词汇量。同时还要刻意地去增大自己的词根、词缀数量，这样可以提高自己猜词的成功率，以提高自己的阅读速度和理解的正确性。
2、挑选一本好的阅读练习册，应该是有详细答案题解的那种。可以让老师或者英语成绩比较好的朋友建议好的阅读书籍，不要盲目的拿一本书就开始做，这样不但没有提高反而会浪费大量的时间。要好好地利用这本练习册，反复练习，认真地把做过的每一篇阅读文章弄明白，分析清楚长句、难句。
3、静心。做阅读的时候切忌心烦，一定要心平气和，在遇到难句、难词时更要心静，认真分析句子，不要在做题时动来动去，这样会影响精神的集中。
4、认真勾画关键句子和关键词语。开始时可能勾画得并不那么准确，但一定要坚持下去。开始的时候不要烦划出的词语多，因为最初的时候对关键词句把握不准，但经过刻意的练习，多做几次，自然而然就知道考点和关键词句在什么地方了。
5、平时还要注意积累背景知识。六级的阅读多是常识性的知识，多多积累，在遇到的时候就可以更加清楚地把握全文了。但一定不要在读文章的时候加入自己的个人感情，一就是一，二就是二，不可以自己发挥。
二、考前训练
针对六级的考前阅读训练，我的经验是一本历年来的真题集就足够了，要利用好历年来的真题，熟悉了真题，就等于熟悉了出题人的思路。针对出题人的思路的训练可以训练自己对六级阅读的语感和思路，减少在读懂了文章的情况下做错题的几率，尤其是那种常常在两个答案中二选一时出错的考生，真题的训练可以大大提高正确率。用真题去训练针对六级的阅读方法和速度，是在短时间里提高六级阅读速度和做题正确率的一个较好的方法。
考前训练在一个“精”字上，要有针对性才会有飞跃。首先应对历年来的真题认真地全做一遍。这一步主要是为了对六级的阅读理解题有一个总体的认识。然后，挑出难段、难题反复地做，认真分析文章的结构、主旨大意及作者的态度观点，分析难句子的结构、用词、修辞手法，同时结合题目看其考点有什么特点。要总结自己常常出错的地方，是没有读懂文章还是做题的思路不正确，找到原因才会有对症下药的可能性。如果是没有读懂文章，我建议还是应该再集中训练一下自己的阅读技巧；如果是读懂文章却没有做对题目，我认为应该认认真真地再仔细研究历年来的真题。虽然现在有很多书在不同程度上对这些做了分析，但我认为，自己做一遍效果比较好一些，能加深理解。
我在考前一个月中间做了三遍阅读的历年真题，可以说到后来看见题目我都能想起考点和答案是什么。我觉得这样做的好处很多，最重要的是使我熟悉了出题人的思路，在比较模糊的两个答案中间通常是要靠对出题人的思路和感觉来做对题的。
三、心理状态
考试必须有一个正常的心态。许多考生经常说六级有多难多难，但我觉得六级并不难，关键看自己怎么给自己定位。考前一定要对自己有一个严格的要求，要相信自己的实力，要在心理上战胜自己，然后再按部就班地努力，自然也就会考出一个理想的分数。
总的来说，我觉得六级的阅读可以用一句话来概括
——“在战略上藐视，在战术上重视”。
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2005/1/22 7:12:00
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[分享]六级阅读精讲
